Armstrong-Clark Black Walnut Oil-Based Wood Stain is formulated for hardwoods such as ipe and for softwoods. Its conditioning oils penetrate the wood fiber to replenish lost oils, while drying oils remain near the surface to create a dry-to-the-touch barrier. High-quality pigments enhance transparency and UV protection, helping preserve the natural character of the wood. On hardwoods, apply one sparingly thin coat; on softwoods, an additional coat may be applied when the first coat absorbs within 60 minutes.